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Cardiovascular system: Function, organs, conditions, and more
Common conditions that can affect the cardiovascular system include coronary artery disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, and stroke. This article explores the cardiovascular system,...

Texas Cardiovascular Specialists - Dallas
At Texas Cardiovascular Specialists, our comprehensive team of cardiology physicians across North Texas are dedicated to preventing, diagnosing, and treating all forms of heart disease. While our name might be changing, our team of cardiologists will continue to deliver the same quality care.

Connected Cardiovascular Care Associates | Cardiologist in Dallas ...
Our team of expert cardiologists, led by Dr. Tony S. Das, a nationally recognized vascular surgeon and interventional cardiologist, provides comprehensive heart and vascular care with a focus on prevention, early detection, and advanced treatment.

What Is Cardiovascular Disease? - American Heart Association
What is heart disease? The American Heart Association explains the various types of heart disease, also called coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease.

CARDIOVASCULAR Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CARDIOVASCULAR is of, relating to, or involving the heart and blood vessels. How to use cardiovascular in a sentence.

Methodist Cardiovascular Consultants - Dallas
Methodist Cardiovascular Consultants - Dallas is owned and operated by MedHealth/Methodist Medical Group and staffed by independently practicing physicians who are employees of MedHealth/Methodist Medical Group.

Baylor Scott & White Cardiovascular Consultants
With extensive training and experience, the cardiovascular specialists here provide advanced quality care in the treatment of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, vascular heart disease, arrhythmia and heart failure.

Baylor Scott & White The Heart Hospital – Dallas
Our cardiac rehabilitation program in Dallas can help you recover from a cardiovascular event, such as a heart attack, as well as cardiovascular procedures, such as bypass surgery or angioplasty and stenting.

Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery - UT Southwestern ...
Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery at UT Southwestern Medical Center is one of the nation's leading programs, with more than 600 open-heart procedures and more than 500 thoracic procedures performed each year.

Cardiovascular System: Organs and Functions Diagram
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels and is responsible for transporting oxygen and blood throughout the body. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death worldwide, including heart attacks and strokes. You can support your cardiovascular system with a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking.

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Interoception in obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders  Frontiers
Journal Digest: Flu Shots and Alzheimer's, Assault and OCD, and More  Psychiatry Online
Beta Blockers: Why People Are Turning to an Old Drug for High-Stress Moments  University of Colorado Anschutz
Vascular dementia: Keeping weight in check may aid prevention  Medical News Today
The effect of type 2 diabetes genetic predisposition on non-cardiovascular comorbidities  Nature
People with OCD are more likely to die earlier, of any cause  The Conversation
Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study  American Heart Association Journals
Is OCD Linked to a Higher Risk for Death From Natural and Unnatural Causes?  Neurology Advisor
Vascular dementia: Scientists find way to restore brain blood flow  Medical News Today
Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Dementia: Scoping Review of Pathological Changes  Psychiatrist.com
Maternal OCD and pregnancy outcomes  Contemporary OB/GYN
Having OCD May Triple a Person's Odds for a Stroke  HealthDay
Use of psychedelics to treat PTSD, OCD, depression and chronic pain – a researcher discusses recent trials, possible risks  The Conversation
Journal Digest: Storytelling & Hospitalization; Cardiac Anxiety & Latinx Individuals; Kratom & Opioid Users; OCD Symptoms on the Rise; Internet CBT & Eczema-Related Problems; Extreme Environments & Mental Health  Psychiatry Online
Dementia: Hypertension, heart disease, other factors linked to risk  Medical News Today

Common Cardiovascular Symptoms & Warning Signs

Chest Pain or Pressure (Angina) — Sensation of squeezing, fullness, or tightness in the center of the chest that may radiate to the jaw, neck, back, or arm.
Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) — Difficulty breathing or feeling winded during routine activities, exertion, or while lying flat in bed.
Palpitations or Irregular Heartbeat — Sensations of a racing, fluttering, pounding, or skipping heart rate.
Unexplained Dizziness or Lightheadedness — Sudden feelings of faintness, loss of balance, or near-syncope linked to decreased blood flow to the brain.
Swelling in the Extremities (Edema) — Fluid retention causing notable swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen.
Unusual Fatigue and Weakness — Persistent tiredness or exhaustion during simple daily tasks, often an early warning sign of heart failure.
Cold Sweats or Diaphoresis — Sudden onset of unexplained profuse sweating accompanied by chest discomfort or anxiety.
Cyanosis or Pale Skin Tone — A bluish or abnormally pale discoloration of the skin, lips, or nail beds due to poor oxygen circulation.
Persistent Coughing or Wheezing — Chronic cough producing white or pink blood-tinged mucus caused by fluid accumulation in the lungs.
Pain in the Extremities (Claudication) — Cramping or aching in the calves, thighs, or hips during walking, indicating peripheral artery disease.

Current Cardiovascular Treatments

Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists — Advanced metabolic agents like tirzepatide cut major adverse cardiovascular events, reduce systemic vascular inflammation, and improve heart failure outcomes.
Pulsed-Field Ablation (PFA) — Non-thermal electroporation therapy replacing traditional radiofrequency ablation to treat atrial fibrillation with greater tissue selectivity and safety.
SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy — Guideline-directed medical treatment (e.g., dapagliflozin, empagliflozin) initiated early to reduce hospitalizations and mortality across heart failure spectrums.
Targeted siRNA & Lipid Gene Therapy — Small interfering RNA injectables (like inclisiran) and gene-editing therapies (VERVE-102) providing long-term LDL-C reduction with single-dose schedules.
Transcatheter Valve Therapies (TAVR / TMVR) — Minimally invasive catheter interventions for replacing or repairing severe aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve stenosis/regurgitation without open-heart surgery.
Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors — Targeted hormonal pathway medications, such as baxdrostat, designed to treat treatment-resistant hypertension by lowering aldosterone production.
Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBAP) — Conduction system pacing delivering direct physiological resynchronization as a superior alternative to traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonists — Novel oral therapies like aprocitentan used in combination regimes to target resistant high blood pressure through specialized vascular pathways.
Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Agents — Low-dose colchicine and specialized anti-inflammatory protocols aimed directly at preventing plaque rupture and reducing residual cardiovascular risk.
Mechanical Decompression Systems — Endovascular venous balloon technology and advanced left ventricular assist devices designed to acutely unload intracardiac pressures during heart failure crises.

Key Milestones in Cardiovascular History

Discovery of Blood Circulation (1628) — William Harvey published De Motu Cordis, demonstrating for the first time that blood circulates continuously through the body pumped by the heart.
Invention of the Stethoscope (1816) — René Laennec invented the wooden stethoscope, allowing physicians to auscultate and diagnose internal cardiac sounds non-invasively.
First Human Electrocardiogram (1902) — Willem Einthoven developed the string galvanometer to record the electrical activity of the heart, inventing the modern ECG.
First Human Cardiac Catheterization (1929) — Werner Forssmann performed the first successful cardiac catheterization on himself, opening the path for modern interventional cardiology.
Launch of the Framingham Heart Study (1948) — A landmark long-term epidemiological study began, establishing major risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking.
Development of the Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1953) — John Gibbon successfully used a heart-lung machine on a human patient, enabling modern open-heart surgery.
First Successful Human Heart Transplant (1967) — Dr. Christiaan Barnard performed the world's first human-to-human heart transplant in Cape Town, South Africa.
First Coronary Angioplasty (1977) — Andreas Grüntzig performed the first successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to open blocked arteries.
Introduction of Coronary Stents (1986) — Ulrich Sigwart and Jacques Puel implanted the first coronary stent in a human heart to prevent artery restenosis.
First TAVR Procedure (2002) — Alain Cribier performed the first Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, revolutionizing treatment for aortic stenosis without open-heart surgery.

Current Cardiovascular Research & Breakthroughs

Gene-Editing for Lipid Lowering — Advanced base-editing and RNA therapies (such as VERVE-102) show potential for permanently reducing LDL cholesterol with single-dose targeted gene inactivation.
AI-Driven Predictive Diagnostics — Deep learning algorithms now evaluate polygenic risk scores and real-time imaging data to predict cardiac events years before clinical symptoms appear.
Stem Cell Remuscularization — Regenerative cardiac cell therapies using stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes aim to repair post-infarct scar tissue and restore contractile function.
Pulsed-Field Ablation (PFA) — Non-thermal electroporation technology is transforming arrhythmia management by selectively isolating cardiac tissue with lower procedural risk.
Anti-Inflammatory Therapies — Target-specific anti-inflammatory drugs are being validated to reduce residual vascular risk and suppress ongoing atheroma plaque progression.
Transcatheter Valve Evolution (TMVR/TAVR) — Next-generation transcatheter systems are expanding treatment options for complex structural valve conditions without traditional open surgery.
Digital Twin Hemodynamic Modeling — Virtual patient-specific cardiac models integrate imaging and biomarkers to simulate interventional outcomes before execution.
Conduction System Pacing (LBBAP) — Left bundle branch area pacing is replacing traditional biventricular pacing to provide more natural physiological resynchronization.
Cardioprotective Metabolic Drugs — Broadening applications of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate significant reductions in heart failure admissions and vascular events.
Novel Aldosterone Synthase Inhibitors — New drug classes like Baxdrostat provide target-specific control for resistant hypertension by directly modulating hormone pathways.